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Filippo Coletti (11 May 1811 – 13 June 1894) was an Italian baritone associated with Giuseppe Verdi. Coletti created two Verdi roles: Gusmano in ''Alzira'' and Francesco in ''I Masnadieri''. Verdi revised the role of Germont in La traviata for Coletti, whose interpretation re-defined the role as it is known today.〔Article with numerous examples of the two versions of Germont's lines: Julian Budden, ''The Two Traviatas'', Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association , Vol. 99, (1972–1973), Pub. Taylor & Francis pp. 43–66〕〔Review in L'Eptacordo, anno I, n.33, p.135, Roma, 31 January 1856〕 Filippo Coletti was, with Antonio Tamburini (1800–1876) and Giorgio Ronconi (1810–1890), one of the three leading baritones of 19th century Italy, an early model of a 'Verdi baritone'. Born in Anagni, a small town southeast of Rome, Coletti started his career singing baritone coloratura roles in Rossini, Donizetti and Mercadante operas before moving on to vocally substantial Verdi repertory.〔Giampiero Raspa, ''Note biografiche sul baritono anagnino Filippo Coletti (1811–1894)'', in ''Scritti in memoria di Giuseppe Marchetti Longhi'', vol.II, pag.483 e ss., Istituto di Storia e di Arte del Lazio Meridionale, 1990. In Italian.〕 Coletti gained notoriety in London for his unwitting role in the 1840 Haymarket Theatre riots, and later for his successful four-year London tenure, singing leading Baritone roles.〔Laura Macy, Ed. ''The Grove Book of Opera Singers'', Harold Rosenthal/Julian Budden, entry "Coletti, Filippo"〕 Coletti travelled extensively, singing in all major European theatres. Numerous accounts describe his acting as well as the beauty of his voice, which retained an agility and elegance over a long singing career. Coletti performed until 1869. Verdi considered casting Coletti in an unrealized ''King Lear'' opera-commission for Naples. After Coletti's retirement from the stage he published an ''Album Melodico'' of songs, as well as essays on singing and on opera. For philosopher Thomas Carlyle Coletti was "by the cast of his face, by the tones of his voice, by his general bearing,(...) a man of deep and ardent sensibilities, of delicate intuitions, just sympathies ; originally an almost poetic soul, or man of genius."〔Thomas Carlyle,( ''The Opera'', Essay, 1854 )〕 == Family background == Filippo Andrea Francesco Coletti was born on 11 May 1811 in Anagni, a medieval town located east-southeast of rome, in the district of Frosinone. Anagni is referred to as the 'City of the Popes' (''città dei Papi''): Five popes lived, reigned or were born in Anagni. Innocenzo III, (born Lotario dei Conti di Segni in 1160), Gregorio IX, (born Ugolino dei Conti di Segni), Alessandro IV, (born Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni 1180? -1185?) and Bonifacio VIII, (born Benedetto Caetani in Anagni in 1235). Bonifacio's mother was Emilia Conti, sister of pope Gregorio IX. Another Conti pope was Michelangiolo Conti, who was elected in 1721 as pope Innocenzo XIII. Filippo Coletti's son Tito would eventually marry into this illustrious Conti family. Anagni was the summer residence of the papacy until a recent transfer to Castel Gandolfo. The town centre consists of romanesque churches, campaniles, the cathedral, the palace of Bonifacio VIII, the civic palace and steep twisting streets enclosed by roman built town walls. Coletti's parents, Venanzio Coletti and Angela Viti, were of modest means and education. The Coletti's had eight children: Rosa, Filippo, Andrea, Alessandro, Temistocle, Domenico and two other daughters. The family lived in the town center, on the corner of Via Maggiore and Vicolo Cellacchio. With Filippo Coletti's singing fees which were administered by his father Venanzio, the family moved into a large property outside Anagni in 1843. Venanzio continued to invest in land and buildings. Upon the death of Venanzio, the administration was taken over by Coletti's brother Andrea. The Coletti estate exists today as a winery, Coletti-Conti.〔(website of the Coletti Conti family estate )〕 Coletti's younger brother Domenico was an opera singer who moved to the United States and lived in New York. In 1845 the 33-year-old Filippo Coletti married the seventeen-year-old Maria, daughter of Anagni's Segretario comunale Giovanni Ambrosi. The marriage was arranged by Coletti's father Venanzio, and proved to be a happy one. Filippo and Maria had four children: Tito (born in Anagni, 1846) who married his childhood love Erminia Conti, after Filippo Coletti concluded a three-year negotiation of the marriage contract with Erminia Conti's father Andrea; Decio, born in Paris, 1848, a talented singer too timid for the stage, who married Countess Teresa Laderchi; Lavinía, who often sang with Coletti in concerts and social occasions, and who died young from a nervous illness; and Valeria, born in Rome, 1853 who married marchese Annibale Ossoli Della Torre.〔Giampiero Raspa, ''Note biografiche sul baritono anagnino Filippo Coletti (1811–1894)'', in ''Scritti in memoria di Giuseppe Marchetti Longhi'', vol.II, pag.483 e ss., Istituto di Storia e di Arte del Lazio Meridionale, 1990. In Italian.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Filippo Coletti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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